My wife had an 03 and now she has an 07 Beetle. These twos are so different from each other. The one that you have has the 4 Cly engine and her has the 2.5L 5 Cly Audi engine with a Tiptronic. The undercarriage is the GTI. So these Beetles ride like a GTI and I love to drive that little thing. Is really zippy and has a very responsive steering along with the ESP that is as good or better than AWD. This car is a Low Maintenance car, each oil change are every 10,000 miles or one year per factory schedule. There is nothing hardly do on them, just drive it

Her 03 was so wimpy compare to this one.
No, I do not think this car is falls on the Planned Obsolesce deal. At least they last over 10 yrs and well over 100,000 miles.
One thing I forgot to mention, check the main plug that connects the engine harness to the car.
I am guessing an electrical problem. As far bad gas... I hardly see bad gas, except getting it from old gas stations with corroded/dirty fuel cells. All fuels are pretty much the same. 99% comes from the same place and refined on few places. Depending what fuel station you go, they put some additives to clean the engine. Look for what is called
Top Tier Gas Stations. You will be surprised what you might thought was junk is pretty good.